Improvement in artificial fuel



UNITED STATES PATENT OFFroa.

JOHN J. ENDRES, OF JERSEY. CITY, NEW JERSEY, ASSIGNOR OF ONEHALF HISRIGHT TO L. L. GROUNSE, OEWASHINGTON, D. G.

IMPROVEMENT IN ARTIFICIAL FUEL.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 62,362, dated April 20,1875; application filed March 1, 1875.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JOHN J. Ennans, of Jersey City, in the county ofHudson and State of New Jersey, have invented certain new and usefulImprovements in the Process of Manufacturing Artificial Fuel; and I dohereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exactdescription thereof, which will enable others skilled in the art towhich it pertains to make and use the same.

This invention relates to that class of processes employed in themanufacture of artifi' cial fuel, and to the production thereby of a newand valuable composition of artificial fuel, all as will now be morespecially and in detail set forth.

To the so-called screenings, culm, or dust produced by mining, breaking,screening, or transporting of an th racite and semi-bituminous coal,crushed coal-tar pitch is added ordinarily in the proportion of fromfive to twelve per cent; but I do not limit myself to this exactproportion.

This composition is delivered into a mixing apparatus heated by asurrounding steamjacket, where it is brought into contact withhighly-superheated steam introduced under pressure in numerous smalljets from stationary pipes, arms, or nipples inside the mixer. Theeffect of subjecting the coal and the bitumen to this high temperatureunder pressure is to fuse them so thoroughly that when the product issubjected to combustion the aftinity of the bitumen for the carbonproduces a coking effect, which holds the fuel in shape withoutdisintegration until it is gradually consumed like natural coal.

In the plastic condition to which the composition is brought by mixing,as above described, it is discharged, and pressed into blocks of anydesired shape or size. While being molded and pressed the materialgradually cools off, and, owing to the hardening of the pitch, theproduct leaves the machinery ready for transportation, and for use asfuel.

As the sulphur generally contained by the coal is an element which aidsthe hardening efi'cct upon the binding material, I claim the adding ofsulphur where the coal has little or no sulphur in it.

Having thus described my invention, I claim as new and desire to secureby Letters Patent 1. The process herein described, of manufacturing fuelfrom the cuhn or dust produced in the mining, breaking, screening, ortransporting of anthracite or semi-bituminous coal, which processconsists in combining, fusing. and agglomerating the same with coal-tarpitch or bitumen under high heat and pressuse, as herein set forth, andmolding and pressing the same into any desired shape or form fortransportation and use.

2. The fuel herein described, consisting of screenings, culm, or dust,combined, fused, and agglomerated with coal-tar pitch bitumen, as hereinset forth, and forming a fuel which, when subjected to the action ofcombustion, retains its given shape, and consumes gradually like naturalcoal, substantially as and in the manner herein described.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my own I aflix my signaturein presence of two witnesses.

, JOHN J. ENDRES.

Witnesses D. (J. HIoKENLoornn, E. F. M. FAEHTZ.

